Styles

Type of Resource

Citation Tools

Should I Cite Wikipedia?

This guide includes examples of citation styles most commonly used by students at Williams College. For additional examples and further information see the print manuals.

Web and Online Materials

Guidelines for Williams students. Use print style manuals for more detailed information.

Note: Different web browsers break the text in different places of a URL. The URL should begin on the same line as the rest of the citation information, with a break inserted after a slash, if needed.

Web Page

APA

in text:
(Pew Research Center, 2002)

reference list:

The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (2002, December 4). What the world thinks in 2002. Retrieved February 26, 2003, from http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=165.

Chicago
(Note)

note:

1. Norman R. Yetman, "An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives," Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.

bibliography:

Yetman, Norman R. "An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives." Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Yetman)

reference list:

Yetman, Norman R. "An introduction to the WPA slave narratives." Born in slavery: slave narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.
MLA

in text:
(Pilgrim)

bibliography:

Pilgrim, David. "The Brute Caricature." Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia. Nov. 2000. Ferris State University. 20 May 2003 <http://www.ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/brute/> .
ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

National Library of Medicine. Environmental Health and Toxicology: Specialized Information Services. http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html (accessed Aug 23, 2004).

Article from a Full-text Database

APA

in text:
(Hicks, Jones, Renner, & Schmaling, 1995)

reference list:

Hicks, J. E., Jones, J. F. Renner, J. H., & Schmaling, K. (1995). Chronic fatigue syndrome: strategies that work. Patient Care, 29(10), 55. Retrieved March 17, 2002, from InfoTrac Web Expanded Academic ASAP database.
Chicago
(Note)

note:

5. Wendy Zellner, "An Insider's Tale Of Enron's Toxic Culture," Business Week, March 31, 2003, 16, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/
academic/s_guidednews.html.

bibliography:

Zellner, Wendy. "An Insider's Tale of Enron's Toxic Culture." Business Week March 31, 2003, 16. http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/
academic/s_guidednews.html.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Zellner 2003)

reference list:

Zellner, Wendy. 2003. An insider's tale of Enron's toxic culture. Business Week March 31, 16. http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/
s_guidednews.html.
MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Andreatta 51)

bibliography:

Andreatta, Filippo. "Italy at a Crossroads: The Foreign Policy of a Medium Power after the End of Bipolarity." Daedalus 130.2: 45- . Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale Group Databases. Williams College Library. 9 March 2003. <http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.

ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Begley, S. When Does Your Brain Stop Making New Neurons? Newsweek [Online] July 2, 2007, p 62. Expanded Academic Index. http:/galegroup.com (accessed Aug 23, 2007).

Article from an E-Journal Collection

APA

in text:
(Hamilton, 1992)

reference list:

Hamilton, C. (1992). A way of seeing: culture as political expression in the works of C.L.R. James. Journal of Black Studies, 22 (3), 429-443. Retrieved February 26, 2003 from JSTOR database.

Chicago
(Note)

note:

6. Miguel Edward, "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania," World Politics 56, no.3 (2004): 330, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/
v056/56.3miguel.html.

bibliography:

Miguel, Edward. "Tribe or Nation? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania." World Politics 56, no. 3 (2004): 327-362. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/
v056/56.3miguel.html.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181 for more information and example.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Oakley 1998)

reference list:

Miguel, Edward. 2004. Tribe or nation? Nation building and public goods in Kenya versus Tanzania World Politics 56 (3): 327-362. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/
v056/56.3miguel.html.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181 for more information and example.
MLA

parenthetical reference:
(Brooks 177)

bibliography:

Brooks, Gwendolyn. "Henry Dumas: Perceptiveness and Zeal." Black American Literature Forum 22 (1988): 177. JSTOR. 9 March 2003. <http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/gensearch>.
ACS

in-text citation:
See by style info

bibliography:

Peacock-Lopez, E. Exact Solutions of the Quantum Double Square-Well Potential. Chem. Ed. [Online] 2007, 11, 383-393 http://chemeducator.org/bibs/0011006/11060380lb.htm (accessed Aug 23, 2007).

Article from a free web e-journal

APA

in text:
(Yu & Seligman, 2002)

reference list:

Yu, D. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002, May 8). Preventing Depressive symptoms in Chinese children. Prevention & Treatment, 5, Article 9. Retrieved May 6, 2003, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5/ pre0050009a.html
Chicago
(Note)

note:

7. Robert Shrum, "Taxing Clinton's Character," Slate, June 25, 1996, http://slate.msn.com/id/1573/.

bibliography:

Shrum, Robert. "Taxing Clinton's Character." Slate, June 25, 1996. http://slate.msn.com/id/.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181 for more information and example.
Chicago
(Author-Date)

in text:
(Shrum 1996)

reference list:

Shrum, Robert. 1996. Taxing Clinton's character. Slate, June 25. http://slate.msn.com/id/.

Note: if the article has a DOI, use it in place of the page numbers. See Chicago Manual of Style sec. 17.181 for more information and example.
MLA

parenthetical reference:
If the work does not have page numbers or paragraph numbers, include in the text the name of the person that begins the corresponding entry in the works cited list, instead of using a parenthetical reference. For more information see MLA Handbook sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.
"Castle points out..."

bibliography:

Castle, Robert. "From Desperation to Salvation: Concealing and Revealing Nothing in History." Archipelago 6.2-3 (2003). 9 March 2003. <http://www.archipelago.org/vol6-3/castle.htm>.