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Winter Study Courses 2000

 

WINTER STUDY PROGRAM

REMINDERS ABOUT WSP REGISTRATION

All students who will be on campus during the 1999-2000 academic year must register for WSP. Registration will take place in the early part of fall semester. If you are registered for a senior thesis in the fall which must be continued through Winter Study by departmental rules, you will be registered for your Winter Study Project automatically. In every other case, you must complete registration. First-year students are required to participate in a Winter Study that will take place on campus; they are not allowed to do 99's.

Even if you plan to take a 99, or the instructor of your first choice accepts you during the registration period, there are many things that can happen between registration and the beginning of Winter Study to upset your first choice, so you must list five choices. You should try to make one of your choices a project with a larger enrollment, not that it will guarantee you a project, but it will increase your chances.

If you think your time may be restricted in any way (ski meets, interviews, etc.), clear these restrictions with the instructor before signing up for his/her project.

Remember, for cross-listed projects, you should sign up for the subject you want to appear on your record.

For many beginning language courses, you are required to take the WSP Sustaining Program in addition to your regular project. You will be automatically enrolled in this Sustaining Program, so no one should list this as a choice.

The grade of honors is reserved for outstanding or exceptional work. Individual instructors may specify minimum standards for the grade, but normally, fewer than one out of ten students will qualify. A grade of pass means the student has performed satisfactorily. A grade of perfunctory pass signifies that a student's work has been significantly lacking but is just adequate to deserve a pass.

If you have any questions about a project, see the instructor before you register.

Finally, all work for WSP must be completed and submitted to the instructor no later than Friday, January 28th. Only the Dean can grant an extension beyond this date.

WINTER STUDY 99'S

Sophomores, juniors and seniors are eligible to propose "99's," independent projects arranged with faculty sponsors, conducted in lieu of regular Winter Study courses. Perhaps you have encountered an interesting idea in one of your courses which you would like to study in more depth, or you may have an interest not covered in the regular curriculum. In recent years students have undertaken in-depth studies of particular literary works, interned in government offices, assisted in foreign and domestic medical clinics, conducted field work in economics in developing countries, and given performances illustrating the history of American dance. Although some 99's involve travel away from campus, there are many opportunities to pursue intellectual or artistic goals here in Williamstown.

99 forms are available in the Registrar's Office. The deadline for submitting the proposals to faculty sponsors is Thursday, 30 September.

WINTER STUDY 99'S

Sophomores, juniors and seniors are eligible to propose "99's," independent projects arranged with faculty sponsors, conducted in lieu of regular Winter Study courses. Perhaps you have encountered an interesting idea in one of your courses which you would like to study in more depth, or you may have an interest not covered in the regular curriculum. In recent years students have undertaken in-depth studies of particular literary works, interned in government offices, assisted in foreign and domestic medical clinics, conducted field work in economics in developing countries, and given performances illustrating the history of American dance. Although some 99's involve travel away from campus, there are many opportunities to pursue intellectual or artistic goals here in Williamstown.

99 forms are available online. The deadline for submitting the proposals to faculty sponsors is Thursday, 30 September.

COURSES OFFERED WINTER STUDY 2000

AMES 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by candidates for honors by the thesis route in African and Middle Eastern Studies.

AAS 030 Senior Project

To be taken by students registered for Afro-American Studies 491 who are candidates for honors.

AMST 030 Senior Honors Project

To be taken by students registered for American Studies 491 or 492.

ANSO 011 Berkshire Farm Center Service-Learning Internship

This course involves a service-learning field placement at Berkshire Farm Center and Services for Youth in Canaan, New York. Berkshire Farm Center is a residential treatment facility for troubled, at-risk adolescent boys from all over New York State. These youths come primarily from lower socio-economic strata (The "other side" of the American Dream), are ethnically diverse, and hail from both urban and rural areas. The problems and troubles that they bring to Berkshire Farm Center are multiple. These include: the psychological scars of dysfunctional families, including those of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse & neglect; chemical abuse & dependency; juvenile delinquency; youth gang issues; an inability to function in school settings; and various other issues. Residential treatment is a multi-modal approach that includes anger-replacement training, social skills training, and behavioral modification.
Williams students will commute to Berkshire Farm Center in individual cars or in a Williams van and work under supervision in one of the following areas: school, cottage life, chemical dependency unit, research/evaluation, recreation, adventure based counseling, volunteer services, performing arts, or as an individual tutor/mentor.
Students will be contacted by the instructor in November for an initial organizational/coordination meeting. During Winter Study the course will include an informal weekly seminar with the instructor that will draw on service-learning experiences. With the instructor's assistance and approval, students will determine their individual placements and time schedules. Hours of participation may be flexible.
Evaluation: students will keep a journal/log reflecting on their experiences and will provide a summation thereof at the conclusion of the course; also at the end of the course, students will share their experiences at a seminar meeting. Please note: all in queries about this course should be directed to the instructor, who can be reached at 518-781-4567, ext. 322.
Prerequisites: placement only through interview (via phone) with the instructor. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: none.

LARI BRANDSTEIN (Instructor)
M. F. BROWN (Sponsor)

Lari Brandstein is Director of Volunteer Services at Berkshire Farm Center and Services for Youth.

ANSO 012 Children and the Courts: Internship in the Crisis in Child Abuse

The incidence of reported child abuse and neglect has reached epidemic proportions and shows no signs of decreasing. Preventive and prophylactic social programs, court intervention, and legislative mandates have not successfully addressed this crisis. This course allows students to observe the Massachusetts Department of Social Services attorney in courtroom proceedings related to the care and protection of children. Students will have access to Department records for purposes of analysis and will also work with social workers who will provide a clinical perspective on the legal cases under study. The class will meet regularly to discuss court proceedings, assigned readings, and the students' interactions with local human services agencies.
Students will keep a journal and submit a 10-page paper at the end of the course. Full participation in the course is expected. Please note: all queries about this course should be directed to the instructor, who can be reached at 413-236-1800.
Enrollment limited to 15. Access to an automobile is desirable but not required; some transportation will be provided as part of the course.
Cost to student: $25 for books and photocopies.

JUDITH LOCKE (Instructor)
M. F. BROWN (Sponsor)

Judith Locke is the Assistant Divisional Counsel for the Massachusetts Department of Social Services.

ANTH 013 Islam and The Satanic Verses

This course involves an intensive investigation of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses, viewed as a work of literature and in relation to the political crisis that erupted around it. The first half of the course will be devoted to a close reading of the novel, along with additional background articles that contextualize the social, religious, and historical dynamics that Rushdie drew upon in creating the book. The second half of the course will focus on the response of the Muslim world to Rushdie's work, especially the decree by the Iranian government authorizing Rushdie's death, and the reaction of groups and individuals in the West who saw the threats to Rushdie as an attack on the right of free expression. These responses will be examined and discussed in depth as a way of trying to assess the larger political and ethical implications of the controversy.
Students will be expected to write two 6-page papers, one on the novel itself and the second on the controversy. Regular attendance at class meetings is also expected and will be factored into the final grade, with more than two unexcused absences resulting in a perfunctory pass and more than three absences resulting in a failure.
Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: $35 for books.

D. EDWARDS

ANTH 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by students registered for Anthropology 493-494.

SOC 010 The Black Middle Class

What does it mean to be black and middle class in America today? This course will investigate the contemporary black middle class experience through the lenses of social science, popular culture, and first-hand social experience. We will begin with the evolution of the idea and reality of a black middle class as seen through the classic works of W. E. B. Dubois and E. Franklin Frazier, and review the shifts in income, education, and social integration that have occurred among African-Americans since the civil rights revolution. Most of the course, however, will be devoted to understanding contemporary social experience.
We will accomplish this through a detailed examination of popular culture aimed at a black middle-class audience, reading of fiction and non-fiction that attempt to capture the black middle class experience, and in dialogues with guest lecturers.
Students will be expected to complete assignments, participate in class discussions, and produce a final paper or project that integrates course materials. Class will meet three times per week, and we will take one overnight weekend field trip.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: $100 for books, transportation, and lodging.
Meeting time: mornings.

BACON

SOC 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by students registered for Sociology 493-494.

ARTH 010 The Philadelphia Tradition in American Art

How is that a city with so unpromising an artistic culture as Quaker Philadelphia produced some of America's most important artists and architects? Among painters, Thomas Eakins, Mary Cassatt, and the Ashcan School are all Philadelphians, as are the architects Frank Furness, Louis Kahn and Robert Venturi. This Winter Study project will be devoted to an examination of the artistic and architectural culture of Philadelphia-its Quaker roots, its nineteenth-century realism and its leadership in post-modernism. During an extended field trip we will visit the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia's Victorian suburbs and the campuses of Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges.
Evaluation will be based on a report on a major work or artist and, where possible, will present their findings on site.
Prerequisite: ArtH 264 and consent of instructor. Enrollment limited to 9.
Cost to student: $125.
Meeting time: afternoons.

LEWIS

ARTH 012 Spaces for Selling or Buying

THIS COURSE HAS BEEN CANCELLED!!

ARTH 014 Casting an Eye on Bronze: The Eternal Sculpture Medium

Why is bronze metal so remarkable as a sculpture medium? How did this copper-alloy become the preeminent material for the expression of fine art by the Chinese, Egyptians and the Greeks as well as American and European artists. This course will discuss the tools and techniques utilized in the production of bronze sculpture throughout the centuries as well as the deterioration mechanism bronze can undergo including physical and chemical changes which occur especially in the outdoor environment. Modern art conservation methods of documentation, examination and technical analysis, stabilization and treatment options for indoor and outdoor bronzes will be addressed. Many opportunities for first hand observation and discussion will include a visit to a premier art foundry, an artists' studio who is working in bronze and behind-the-scene inspections of bronze sculptures at local museums.
Evaluation will be based on regular attendance in class and on field trips, participation, a 10-page paper and an oral presentation.
No prerequisites. Preference given to art and chemistry majors. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: $25.
Meeting time: mornings and one full-day field trip and one half-day field trip.

INGRID NEUMAN (Instructor)
HEDREEN (Sponsor)

Ingrid Neuman is a professional conservator of three-dimensional objects with 10-years experience in major museums in the United States.

ARTH 016 Contemporary Issues at Regional Art Museums

This course will survey the best of contemporary art offerings throughout our region. This will include temporary exhibitions and permanent collection displays at such institutions as, MASS MoCA, the Wadsworth Atheneum, the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art as well as other college and university art museums. The class will also travel to Boston and/or New York depending on current exhibition schedules. The class will begin with a tour of WCMA and continue with four, weekly day-long museum excursions.
Evaluation will be based on participation in all museum visits and one researched presentation and accompanying paper. The topic of this assignment is an object on view at one of the included institutions. The artwork will be selected by the student from a list available at the first class and then be presented to the rest of the class during the museum visit.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 12.
Cost to student: approximately $25. Students will be required to pay reduced-rate admissions to some of the museums. The cost and schedule of museum visits will be available during enrollment and at the first class.

IAN BERRY (Instructor)
HEDREEN (Sponsor)

Ian Berry received his M.A. in Curatorial Studies at the Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College and is Assistant Curator at the Williams College Museum of Art.

ARTH 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by students registered for ArtH 493, 494.

ARTH 033 Honors Independent Study

To be taken by candidates for honors by the independent study route.

ARTS 011 Visual Conversations

This course offers students the opportunity to partake in visual conversations by making artwork directly in response to art found in area museums. Students will be required to select a specific work of art from a museum and embark upon a studio art project which directly responds to, and conceivably influences the understanding of the selected artwork. Field trips (during class time) to museums, slide presentations, group critiques, and discussions will support and provide feedback for each student's individual project.
Students will be evaluated on the basis of a completed studio project and a 5-page paper explaining an understanding of what it means to have a visual conversation in art and defending the particular project. Regular attendance, class participation, and effort will also be taken into account. The class will meet as a group.
Prerequisite: Drawing I. Priority given to art majors. Enrollment limited to 12.
Cost to student: $75-$100.
Meeting time: mornings.

PETER R. BRUUN (Instructor)
HEDREEN (Sponsor)

Peter Bruun is the Exhibition Coordinator for the Contemporary Museum in Baltimore, Maryland. He received his M.F.A. at the Maryland Institute, College of Art.

ARTS 012 Japanese Dyeing: The Joy of Kusaki-zome (Same as Asian Studies 012)

(See under Asian Studies for full description.)

ARTS 013 Figure Modeling

This course is designed as an introduction to the challenges of working with the figure in a sculptural context. The class will be structured as a working studio with the students sculpting in clay from a live model. The first half of the course will emphasize learning the technical and physiological aspects of the human figure; structure, proportion, gesture, and basic anatomy. The latter half of the course will be concerned with the creative aspects of working with the figure and of developing individual interpretations of the human form. In addition to working studio sessions, there will be two slide lectures on the human form in art.
Each student will be evaluated on the success of his/her sculpture, attendance, participation, and effort. This course requires approximately 15 hours per week of individual investigations into the human form.
Prerequisite: ArtS 100. Enrollment limited to 15.
Lab fee: $85.
Meeting time: mornings.

PODMORE

ARTS 015 Product Design

This design course explores the process by which products acquire their unique character and form. Students will gain a fundamental knowledge of techniques industrial designers use to create the objects of our everyday lives. This knowledge will be used to design and build a working prototype of a unique product based upon assigned design criteria. Assignments will encompass market research, human factors, materials, manufacturing processes, 2D, and 3D sketching. Class will meet twice a week for three hour sessions with additional supervised shop time and student-instructor meetings. Class time will include the introduction of new material and group critiques of assignments. A field trip to a research facility will supplement material covered in class.
Evaluation will be based on a presentation of the prototype and a compiled report of class assignments to a critique committee.
Prerequisites: basic skills in drawing and modeling are helpful but not required. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: $150.
Meeting time: afternoons.

RICHARD GOODWIN (Instructor)
BENEDICT (Sponsor)

Richard Goodwin began his career in theatrical design and went on to receive a Master's Degree in Industrial Design from Pratt Institute. He is a principal in the firm RixDesign specializing in toys and leisure products.

ARTS 017 Fabric Palette, Quilt Canvas

Quilts are timeless. They appeal to our physical and emotional well-being, recalling memories, evoking feelings of comfort and appealing to our sense of color and design. In this course, we will touch on the history of traditional quiltmaking in this country and discover when traditional quiltmaking methods moved into the realm of artmaking.
After accomplishing basic quilting techniques, each member of the class will create and complete an Art Quilt which will be the basis of a show in the Wilde Gallery, the student gallery in the WLS Spencer Studio Art Building. Though it is not necessary to be an experienced sewer prior to this course, some facility with a needle would be helpful. More important will be your concept of design and color and willingness to use fabric and stitching as your palette and canvas.
Evaluation will be based on completed project, participation and attendance in class.
No prerequisites, but some drawing or sewing experience helpful. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: $100 for materials.
Meeting time: mornings.

SYBIL-ANN SHERMAN (Instructor)
TAKENAGA (Sponsor)

In addition to her 26 years as Williams College support staff, Sybil-Ann Sherman has taught quilting workshops at North Adams State College (now MCLA) and the YMCA in North Adams. She has participated in demonstrations of her craft at both Williams and at large craft fairs around Massachusetts. Her work has been featured in Berkshire Magazine.

ARTS 018 Introduction to Woodcarving

This course will offer the opportunity to learn about, and participate in, the dying art of woodcarving. Students will be instructed in the basic skills of relief and chip carving. We will discuss the history of carving and seek a new appreciation for the skill and craftsmanship that went into many of the beautiful and historic buildings on campus. Pieces of furniture and woodwork that may have been around most of your life will have new meaning. Students will feel the pride of making a one-of-a-kind item, with the satisfaction and knowledge that their work can last for hundreds of years.
The course requires that students spend a minimum of twenty hours outside of class time in the quest of acquiring skill beyond technique in the art of woodcarving. Each student must complete a carved scoop plate and one other carving in relief or chip. In the past students have carved picture frames, spoons, moldings, nature scenes, and mirrors. The many different possibilities are left open to the students' creative abilities and imagination. The spectrum in carving is so vast that rigid boundaries on possible projects are not set. It has been the instructor's experience that freedom to be creative presents many new learning experiences and fosters a desire to continue the craft once the traditional course has been completed.
Evaluation is based on effort and commitment rather than quality. Students will however, be encouraged to produce work that will commensurate with their ability.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: $100.
Meeting time: 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. twice per week. Students should be sure that they do not have a conflict with this time before registering for the course.

WES PECOR (Instructor)
HEDREEN (Sponsor)

Wes Pecor is a local craftsman. He has been carving and working with wood for over 20 years. He has completed many projects on the Williams College campus. Wes previously taught a Winter Study course and offers private instruction.

ARTS 019 American Stained Glass: History and Restoration

The purpose of this course is to teach students how to study the history and evaluate the condition and restoration needs of stained glass windows in American buildings. We will study the history of stained glass, beginning with a brief survey of the craft before the nineteenth century. We will also study how stained glass windows are made, with a "show-and-tell" glass session and a visit to Cummings Stained Glass Studios. We will review how the materials of stained glass windows age and deteriorate, and what proper restoration techniques are required to forestall future deterioration.
Evaluation will be based on a written report and a 20-30 minute oral presentation on 3-4 windows in a local church. Reports and presentations will be include the history of the windows and an assessment of their conditions. Quality of research, observations, and communication skills will be important.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: $75. Students should also have access to binoculars, camera, tape measure, and flashlight.
Meetings will occur in three 3-hour lectures during the first week. During the second week there will be a day-long field trip to the Albany area. Students will meet individually with the instructor to prepare their projects and work on their own on their projects. In the final week, presentations will be made.
Meeting time: afternoons.

JULIE L. SLOAN (Instructor)
HEDREEN (Sponsor)

Julie L. Sloan is vice-president of Cummings Stained Glass Studios, Inc., North Adams, M.A. and adjunct professor of historic preservation at Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture. She received her B.A. in art history from New York University and her MS in historic preservation from Columbia University.

ARTS 020 Stained Glass Workshop (Same as Biology 020)

(See under Biology for full description.)

ARTS 033 Honors Independent Project

Independent study to be taken by candidates for honors in Art Studio.

ASST 011 Chinese Popular Culture

How do the Chinese celebrate? Through readings, discussions, and practical "hands-on" experience, we will explore how Chinese have traditionally celebrated popular holidays and religious festivals. Topics will include the religious and cultural meanings of the various festivals, regional differences in how holidays are celebrated, the roles of different members of the traditional Chinese family, the preparation (and eating!) of festival foods, calligraphy, and taijia exercises.
Evaluation will be based on participation in class sessions and a 10-page paper.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: approximately $60 for books, duplicated materials, and food.
Meeting time: mornings.

TONG CHEN (Instructor)
C. KUBLER (Sponsor)

Tong Chen, a former faculty member in the Chinese language program at Williams, is currently Lecturer in Chinese at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

ASST 012 Japanese Dyeing: The Joy of Kusaki-zome (Same as ArtS 012)

Have you heard about "Kusaki-zome"? Kusaki-zome is a traditional Japanese art using plant dye. With a simple technique, it brings out the wonderful colors in natural things, such as vegetables, flowers, tree leaves, and twigs. For instance, tea leaves provide light brown. What color do you think onion skins would give? The most interesting thing is that the color is never the same, since the hue of colors differs greatly depending on the season when the plants were harvested. The technique is simple; if you can boil eggs, you can enjoy kusaki-zome. The course will include lectures on the history of kusaki-zome as well as hands-on experience. The technical exercises will be done through several projects under the instructor's supervision. This class requires no previous artistic training. The class will meet three times a week.
Evaluation will be based on the completion of two projects, with a journal describing the projects, as well as participation in the final class exhibition.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: lab fee of $35.
Meeting time: mornings.

KYOKO KABASAWA (Instructor)
YAMADA (Sponsor)

Kyoko Kabasawa is a Japanese textile and dyeing artist who teaches at Hokkaido Women's College. In addition to a number of prizes awarded in Japan, she won an originality award in the Hawai'i Handweavers' Hui 45th Anniversary Biennial Exhibition in August 1998.

ASST 013 Ecology and Chinese Religions (Same as Environmental Studies 020 and Religion 013)

In order to explore various perspectives on nature and the growing need for new human-earth relations, this course will focus on religious approaches to ecological issues with special emphasis on Chinese religions, including Taoism, Confucianism, and Mahayana Buddhism. We will highlight the deep relationship with nature in Chinese culture and its relevance to modern eco-consciousness such as earth spirituality and ecofeminism, among others.
Evaluation will be based on participation in class discussions, a group project, and a 10-page paper. No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: about $60 for books and duplicated materials.
Meeting time: mornings.

HO

ASST 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by all students who are candidates for honors in Asian Studies.

CHIN S.P. Sustaining Program for Chinese 101-102

Students registered for Chinese 101-102 are required to attend and pass the Chinese Sustaining Program. Classes meet Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays from 9:00-9:50.
Requirements: regular attendance and active class participation.
Prerequisite: Chinese 101.
Cost to student: one Xerox packet.

LANGUAGE FELLOW

CHIN 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by all students who are candidates for honors in Chinese.

JAPN S.P. Sustaining Program for Japanese 101-102

Students registered for Japanese 101-102 are required to attend and pass the Japanese Sustaining Program. Classes meet Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays from 9:00-9:50.
Requirements: regular attendance and active class participation.
Prerequisite: Japanese 101.
Cost to student: one Xerox packet.

LANGUAGE FELLOW

JAPN 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by all students who are candidates for honors in Japanese.

ASTR 016 Observational Astronomy

This course, meant for non-majors, will focus on the most basic aspects of astronomy and will be observing-intensive, taking full advantage of various telescopes housed on the Williams College observing deck. Topics to be covered will include the constellations and night sky in general, planets, the moon, the sun, stars, and galaxies. Study of these topics will require a mix of both day and night class sessions during which students will be required to make observations using binoculars, telescopes, and the naked eye. Student observations will be recorded in drawings, notes, and computer printouts and/or photographs.
Evaluation will be based on the report of these observations.
Observing will take place on all class dates during which the sky is clear. On those days when the sky is cloudy, we will do in-class exercises or discuss current topics in astronomy such as results from the Hubble Space Telescope.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 25. Preference to students with no previous astronomy observing experience.
Cost to student: $10 for materials and $20 for book.
Meeting times: 3 two-hour evening observing sessions each week plus additional self-scheduled observing or World Wide Web work; separate daytime sessions for solar observing; and a few afternoon sessions, mainly to make arrangements for observing.

STEPHAN MARTIN (Instructor)
PASACHOFF (Sponsor)

Stephan Martin is Instructor of Astronomy and Observatory Supervisor at Williams College.

ASPH 031 Senior Research

To be taken by students registered for Astrophysics 493, 494.

ASTR 031 Senior Research

To be taken by students registered for Astronomy 493, 494.

BIOL 010 Electron Microscopy

Three dimensions versus two! We will take pictures from the scanning electron microscope, the transmission electron microscope, and the light microscope, and see which is best for what. Go digital and manipulate those images in Photoshop (do you want your erythrocytes red or blue?), or go conventional and do tried-but-true black and white photography.
There will be brief reading assignments, a guest speaker and an 8-page paper with 6 really good micrographs required. Students will do their own sample processing for the microscopes. Class will meet for two hours, three times a week, plus scope time.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 8.
Cost to student: approximately $40 for text and readings.
Meeting time: afternoons.

NANCY PIATCZYC (Instructor)
D. LYNCH (Sponsor)

Nancy Piatczyc received her B.S. in Biology from Tufts University. She attended the School of Electron Microscopy in Albany, NY. She is a trained electron microscopist who operates and maintains the electron microscope facility at Williams.

BIOL 014 Evolutionary Medicine

While the practice of medicine in the 50s and 60s was characterized by great optimism, that of the 80s and 90s is becoming increasingly pessimistic. Many diseases which should have been conquered are on the rise and frightening new ones keep appearing. Is there a fundamental failure in our approach to medicine? We will take an evolutionary and ecological perspective on this problem, considering the origins and potential treatments for various diseases in this light. Class will meet three times per week and will be a combination of lecture and discussion.
Evaluation will be based on class participation and a final 10-page paper.
This course should be of interest to both the committed pre-med and the medically curious, so there is no prerequisite. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: approximately $45 for books and a reading packet.
Meeting time: afternoons.

LEE VENOLIA (Instructor)
D. LYNCH (Sponsor)

The Instructor is a former Assistant Professor in the Biology Department and is trained in genetics.

BIOL 017 Outbreak: Viruses and Culture

The popular press would have us believe that the AIDS pandemic is a unique example of a viral pathogen causing cultural, political, and behavioral changes in society. In fact, infectious diseases and viral epidemics have impacted society throughout recorded history. This course will examine the intersection of infectious disease and society. The basic biology of viruses will be covered in context of examining the impact of viruses on human history and politics. The current interest in emerging viruses will also be examined with a focus on the social, economic, ecological, and cultural factors which induce episodes of viral emergence. We will screen popular films and read sections of recent best selling novels to see how the representation of infectious diseases has evolved. How viruses have been portrayed by the entertainment industry, in both the print and film media, will be considered for their accuracy and intent.
Evaluation will be based on class participation, two short papers (2-3 pages) relating to assigned readings and films, and a screenplay proposal.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 30.
Cost to student: approximately $20.
Meeting time: mornings.

ROSEMAN

BIOL 019 Antibiotics: From Silver Bullet to Flash in the Pan?

How many times have you received antibiotics? In the last 50 years, we have become reliant upon antibiotics for medical and veterinary uses. However, evolutionary processes have resulted in the emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, opening up the possibility of an explosion in infectious diseases in the very near future. This class will consider the past, present and future use of antibiotics from scientific, historical and economic perspectives, including the mechanisms of antibiotic action and the genetic basis of the emergence and transmission of resistance. The class format will entail lectures, discussions and short lab experiments/demonstrations, three times per week.
Evaluation will be based on two short papers based on reading assignments and on class participation.
No prerequisites.
Cost to student: approximately $10 for reading packet.
Meeting time: afternoons.

KAREN PEPPER (Instructor)
D. LYNCH (Sponsor)

Karen Pepper received her Ph.D. from the Pasteur Institute, University of Paris. She has published a number of scientific papers on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.

BIOL 020 Stained Glass Workshop (Same as ArtS 020)

This is a studio/workshop course designed to introduce the student to the techniques involved in working with stained glass. Lectures will describe the use and manufacture of stained glass windows from medieval to modern times. Demonstrations will illustrate how to design, cut and assemble stained glass forms using the copper foil technique. If there is sufficient interest, techniques related to etching designs in glass will be demonstrated as well.
Each student will complete a small assigned project during class to learn the basics of the technique. Students will then complete a larger independent project as their "journeyman piece." This may consist of a traditional window, a free-form mobile or a three dimensional form.
Evaluation will be based upon class participation as well as upon the design and execution of the journeyman piece. Class will meet two times a week for three hours. Additional time outside of class will be necessary to design and complete the independent project.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 12; first priority to juniors and seniors.
Cost to student: approximately $70 for materials.
Meeting time: afternoons.

ADLER

BIOL 021 Internships in Field Biology

Sophomores, juniors and seniors wishing to do internships with conservation organizations, national or state parks, or field research at other institutions should sign up for Biology 021 as their winter study course. Previous internships have included such diverse programs as working on the problem of introduced species with a local or national environmental organization, working at a raptor rehabilitation center and working with their home state's department of environmental management. Students must make all the arrangements for the internships directly with the sponsoring organization. The costs of travel and room and board must be borne by the student. Before a student can receive approval to sign up for the course, a student must work out a detailed plan with Professor Edwards by early October. Evaluation will be based on a daily field notebook and a summary paper or laboratory report.
Prerequisites will depend on the program chosen. Not open to first-year students.
Cost to student: will vary with the program.

J. EDWARDS

BIOL 022 Introduction to Biological Research

An experimental research project will be carried out under the supervision of a member of the Biology Department.
It is expected that the student will spend 20 hours per week in the lab at a minimum, and a 10-page written report is required.
This experience is intended for, but not limited to, first-year students and sophomores, and requires the permission of the instructor. Interested students should contact Professor DeWitt for more information before registering.
Prerequisites: Biology 101. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: none.
Meeting time: mornings.

DEWITT

BIOL 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by students registered for Biology 493, 494.

CHEM 010 Structure Determination with Advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

This course will introduce intermediate-level chemistry students to advanced techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer operation that are employed in modern molecular structure analysis. Topics covered in the course will include basic spectrometer architecture, the fundamentals of NMR theory, spin-spin coupling interactions, simple decoupling experiments, simple multinuclear applications, and multipulse sequence experiments. Special emphasis will be placed on powerful "one-dimensional" and "two-dimensional" analysis techniques, including (1D): Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) and Nuclear Overhauser (NOE) difference spectra and (2D): H,H Correlation Spectroscopy ("H,H, COSY") and H,C COSY and C,C COSY ("2D INADEQUATE"). Class members will be trained in the operation of the Chemistry Department's NMR console and data station and problem sets and the final class project will be carried out on this instrument. A command of introductory organic chemistry will be required.
The course will consist of three lectures and completion of one "spectrometer-based problem set" per week. Students will be expected to plan for and schedule spectrometer use in view of other Chemistry Department NMR spectrometer needs and regular due dates for problem sets.
Evaluation will be based upon attendance and participation in class, problem sets, and one 10-page paper detailing a structural analysis using advanced NMR techniques.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 201-202. Enrollment limited to 8.
Cost to students: approximately $60 for textbook and a packet of photocopied materials.
Meeting time: mornings and weekly afternoon lab sessions.

RICHARDSON

CHEM 011 Science for Kids (Same as Environmental Studies 011 and Special 011)

Are you interested in teaching? Do you enjoy working with kids? Do you like to experiment with new things? Here is a chance for you to do all three! The aim of this Winter Study project is to design a series of hands-on science workshops for elementary school children and their parents. Working in teams of 2-4, students will spend the first three weeks of Winter Study planning the workshops. This will involve deciding on a focus for each workshop (based on the interests of the students involved) followed by choosing and designing experiments and presentations that will be suitable for 4th-grade children. On the third weekend of Winter Study (January 22, 23) we will bring elementary school kids with their parents to Williams to participate in the workshops.
You will get a chance to see what goes into planning classroom demonstrations as well as a sense of what it's like to actually give a presentation. You'll find that kids at this age are great fun to work with because they are interested in just about everything and their enthusiasm is infectious. You'll also be giving the kids and their parents a chance to actually do some fun hands-on science experiments that they may not have seen before, and you'll be able to explain simple scientific concepts to them in a manner that won't be intimidating.
Evaluation will be based on participation in planning and running the workshops, and each group will be expected to prepare a handout with descriptions of the experiments for the kids, parents, and teachers.
No prerequisites. You need not be a science major; all that is needed is enthusiasm. Enrollment limited to 25.
Scheduling: We will meet 3 times/week for approximately 2-3 hours each time for the first 3 weeks of Winter Study. We will run the workshops on the third weekend of Winter Study (January 22, 23), so attendance from 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. is mandatory that weekend. We will also call one or two brief meetings late in the fall term for preliminary planning.
Cost to student: none.
Meeting time: mornings.

KOEHLER and T. SMITH

CHEM 012 Science Journalism (Same as Special 012)

Since the public depends primarily on the media for news about science, science journalists play crucial roles as translators of scientific information. How do they make the complex understandable? A good science writer takes specialized technical material and makes it clear, comprehensible, and compelling.
In this course we will read many examples of good science writing being published in newspapers and magazines for the general reader and try to understand the techniques that skillful writers use to achieve their ends. In addition to a lot of reading, we will also do a lot of writing. The goal of this course is to develop an appreciation of good writing about science and to learn how to write popular scientific articles.
Students will keep a journal; do weekly writing assignments; and write a final article ready for publication. The class will analyze press coverage of science issues and students are expected to follow coverage of science and technology in the print media.
Prerequisite: one Division III course at Williams prior to this course or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: approximately $25 for books.
Meeting time: afternoons. Classes will meet three times a week for two hours each session.

JO PROCTER (Instructor)
RICHARDSON (Sponsor)

Jo Procter, News Director at Williams, has an M.S. in communications from Boston University. She has worked for Popular Science Magazine and Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum and Peabody Museum where she wrote for the general public about botany, dendrology, archaeology, and paleoanthropology.

CHEM 013 Science and Archaeology

Archaeological studies, which consider the human impact on the environment, can include materials as recent as nineteenth-century glass, or as old as stone tools from hundreds of thousands of years ago. And paleoanthropology, the study of early human remains, covers materials that are millions of years old. Natural science can answer a wide variety of questions for researchers in the field, not just how old an object is, but also where, how, and sometimes why an object was made. These answers in turn tell us about patterns of human development and settlement, and also help us distinguish forgeries from genuine artifacts.
The course will consist of approximately two weeks of class meetings and readings, after which students will select a project either in the lab or based on the readings. Students are expected to spend approximately 10 hours on individual projects during the third week of winter study. In the final week students will meet with the instructor for a conference on preparing a report and will then come to two final meetings where all projects are presented. In addition, in the final week there will be a tour of the Art Conservation Lab so that students can see further examples of the techniques mentioned in class.
Evaluation will be based on class participation, completion of the project, and submission of a satisfactory 5- to 7-page written report.
Prerequisite: a high school chemistry course; college-level chemistry is not required. Enrollment limited to 12.
Cost to student: approximately $5 for reading packet.
Meeting times: mornings.

ANNE SKINNER (Instructor)
RICHARDSON (Sponsor)

Anne Skinner is Senior Lecturer in Chemistry at Williams.

CHEM 014 Emergency Medical Technician-Basic

A course designed to prepare students for the Massachusetts EMT exam and to provide training to become certified as an Emergency Medical Technician. The course teaches the new national standard curriculum which makes reciprocity with many other states possible. This is a time-intensive course involving approximately 130 hours of class time plus optional emergency room observation and ambulance work. Students will learn, among other skills, basic life support techniques, patient assessment techniques, defibrillation, how to use an epi-pen, safe transportation and immobilization skills, as well as the treatment of various medical emergencies including shock, bleeding, soft-tissue injuries, and child birth. The class may meet a few times at the end of the fall semester in order to reduce the number of class hours during Winter Study Period.

Evaluation will be based upon class participation and performance on class exams, quizzes and practical exercises.
Prerequisite: It is recommended that students have American Heart Association Level C BLS Provider CPR Cards or American Red Cross BLS provider CPR cards before entering the EMT Class. A CPR class will be offered in October for those students wishing to take the EMT class who don't already have CPR cards. Enrollment limited to 24.
Cost to student: $300/student plus approximately $75 for textbook, stethoscope, and BP cuff.
Meeting time: mornings and afternoons; schedule TBA in October.

KEVIN GARVEY (Instructor)
RICHARDSON (Sponsor)

Kevin Garvey is a Massachusetts state and nationally approved EMT-I (Intermediate) and an EMT-IC (Instructor/Coordinator). He had been involved with Emergency Medical Services for 15-20 years. Mr. Garvey currently works for Baystate Health Systems as an RN (registered nurse) and EMT-I and also works as an EMT-I for Village Ambulance in Williamstown. Mr. Garvey is also an EMT training instructor at Greenfield Community College.

CHEM 016 Glass and Glassblowing

This course provides an introduction to both a theoretical consideration of the glassy state of matter and the practical manipulation of glass. While no previous experience is required, students with patience, good hand-eye coordination, and creative imagination will find the course most rewarding. The class is open to both artistically and scientifically oriented students.
Evaluation based on class participation, projects, and a 10-page paper.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 10, preference given to juniors and seniors.
Cost to student: $50 for supplies.
Meeting time: laboratory sessions will meet 10 hours per week, Monday through Friday mornings.

THOMAN

CHEM 017 Principles and Techniques of Cooking (Same as Special 017)

In this course we will consider the practice and pursuit of food and its preparation. Students will study the hands-on aspects of specific techniques, and will explore a variety of writings which discuss the preparation and appreciation of food within the context of various cultures as well as the question of whether serious cooking can be considered an "art." Classes will involve an hour of discussion of specific techniques and ingredients, followed by the preparation of full menus designed to illustrate variations on those topics. We will consider each of the specific elements of a recipe, from ingredients to techniques, why each is included and how each works. For instance a menu might focus on different types of pastas, and would include a discussion on why different pastas are paired with specific sauces based on shapes and textures, how specific dishes have evolved, and how similar culinary concepts are represented in the cuisines of other cultures. Readings will include a number of short works that consider very different aspects of food and cooking: the emotive power of familiar foods, the chemical transformations that occur within a cooking process, the symbolism associated with certain foods, cooking as an art form, and the cultural history of specific dishes. Featured authors may include Brillat-Savarin, Colwin, M. F. K. Fisher, David, McGee, and Simeti. Students are expected to be generally comfortable working in a kitchen, though no prior professional experience is expected. You need only an adventurous palate and a true interest in learning something about food, its preparation, and the different ways in which it is viewed . Students are expected to provide their own chef's knife, apron, and dishtowel; they should be willing to get messy, work hard, and eat well!
Attendance at all classes for the entire class period is mandatory, and evaluation will be based on performance in the kitchen, as well as on a final written assignment; this may be a research paper on the history of a particular ingredient (such as a specific spice) or may be a paper discussing the role of food in a specific culture. Prospective students with any potential scheduling conflicts must consult with Professor Park in advance.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 18.
Cost to students: approximately $120, which will cover food supplies (you will get to eat the meals you prepare) and a packet of photocopied materials. All equipment other than those items listed above will be provided by the instructors.
Meeting time: MTW afternoons (approximately 12:30-6:00 p.m.), in the Fort Hoosac kitchen (on campus).

L. PARK and ANGELA CARDINALI (Instructors)

Lee Park is a Professor in the Chemistry Department as well as a graduate of the Professional Technical Program at Peter Kump's Cooking School in NYC; her training and expertise are in the areas of classical French technique and various Asian cuisines. Angela Cardinali is the editor of several cookbooks, and her expertise is in the area of Italian cuisine.

CHEM 018 Metalloproteins: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life

It is well-known that certain trace elements are essential to life. Our daily diets are frequently supplemented with zinc, iron, potassium, calcium, and even cobalt. To what end? Metals play a vital function in biology encompassing such diverse tasks as the oxygen carrying iron complex in hemoglobin, cobalt-containing cofactors essential to B12-dependant enzymes, and the zinc finger proteins necessary for gene regulation. Moreover, modern medicine employs certain metal complexes in cancer treatment, capitalizing on their affinity for DNA binding, in the development of radioactive imaging agents, and in the treatment of lead- and mercury poisoning. In this course we will examine the fundamental role of metals in these and other systems. After a brief introduction to coordination chemistry, themes relevant to understanding the biological activity of metals will be explored. To this end, a series of case studies will be presented to illustrate how many metals are guided, by the biomolecules bound to them, to carry out a unique function. In particular, we will consider the choice of particular metals for each biological task, the contribution that metals make to the activity of enzyme systems, the role the surrounding protein plays in controlling the reactivity of the active site, and the ways in which fundamental studies of model complexes have contributed to understanding the complex reactions catalyzed by metal-containing enzymes.
Evaluation will be based on attendance, an in-class lecture/presentation, and a final project.
Prerequisite: Chemistry 201-202 or permission of instructor. Enrollment limited to 10.
Cost to student: approximately $65 for text and readings.
Meeting times: mornings.

SCHOFIELD

CHEM 022 Introduction to Scientific Research

An experimental project will be carried out under the supervision of a member of the Department in fields such as biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, or physical chemistry.
A 10-page written report is required.
Prerequisite: variable, depending on the project (at least Chemistry 101) and permission of the Department. Nonscience majors are invited to participate. Enrollment limited to 12.
Cost to student: none.
Meeting time: mornings.

RICHARDSON

CHEM 031 Senior Research and Thesis

To be taken by students registered for Chemistry 493, 494.

CLAS 010 The First European Philosophers: An Introduction to Greek Philosophy, from its Beginnings up to Socrates

Although the primary purpose will be to learn about the pre-Socratic philosopher-scientists, the Sophists, and Socrates, this course will consider several foundational questions: How can we mark the "beginning" of philosophy? What is philosophy, and what makes it different from other kinds of thinking? The earliest Greek philosophers, the pre-Socratics, provoke us to think on a larger scale than usual, about the beginnings of life, the universe, and everything. They combine elegant and poetic visions of the world with often tough and gritty argumentation. The attitudes of the Sophists, in contrast, range from a kind of world-weary cynicism to a realization of the kinship of all human beings, whatever their color or nationality. As distinct from the cosmic scale of their predecessors' theories, the Sophists focused on human beings and society. Contemporary with the Sophists was Socrates, of whom Cicero later remarked that he brought philosophy down to earth. In defending traditional values against the assaults of the Sophistic movement, Socrates developed a famous and still useful philosophical method of questioning. But if that is all he did-ask questions-how can we know anything about the man himself? Can we glimpse him behind his ironic facade? Readings for the course include, as essentials: R. D. McKirahan, Philosophy Before Socrates; and Plato, The Last Days of Socrates (Penguin).
Evaluation will be based on active class participation and on a final 10-page paper. This class is a discussion seminar and will meet three times a week for two hours each.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: under $30.
Meeting time: mornings.

ROBIN WATERFIELD (Instructor)
CHRISTENSEN (Sponsor)

Robin Waterfield has been a lecturer at the universities of Newcastle on Tyne and St Andrews in Britain. He is the author of about 25 books, many of which are translations from ancient Greek, and a number of academic articles in the field of ancient Greek philosophy.

CLAS 011 Hollywood Classics: Greece, Rome, and Modern Cinema

Modern Cinema's fascination with ancient Greece and Rome is amply attested by the large number of motion pictures, television movies, and television series based on Greek and Roman historical, mythological, and literary material. Just as the ancient authors `rewrote' ancient mythical stories both as a means to study human nature and in order to understand their own reality, so modern cinematic authors `rewrite' ancient narratives for their importance as `great stories', and to address problems of our own time. In this course we will explore Hollywood's varied uses of the classical world by focusing on cinematic representations of Greek and Roman myth, history, and literature. We will treat the films as visual texts to be considered on their own terms, while at the same time comparing them with the ancient texts which we will read in translation. In so doing, we will look at the use of myth and history as forms of visual and textual representation in ancient and modern times. We will concentrate on those films that are most important for their lasting impact on American popular culture as well as on those that constitute the most imaginative renderings of the ancient past. We will also discuss one or more cinematic adaptations of ancient myths that are set in modern times. In addition to film screenings and readings of the Greek and Latin texts in translation, we will also read some works on film theory and popular culture.
Evaluation: students will be expected to attend all classes and screenings, participate in class discussions, take short quizzes on names and identifications, and write a 15-page research paper.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limit 15.
Cost to student: $30 or less for purchase of texts.
Meeting time: class will meet three times a week, mornings. Screenings scheduled for two or three films per week.

PANOUSSI

CLAS 031 Senior Thesis

May be taken by students registered for Classics 493, 494.

CSCI 010 C, UNIX and Software Tools

This course serves as a guided tour of programming methods in the Unix operating system. The course is designed for individuals who understand basic program development techniques as discussed in an introductory programming course (Computer Science 134 or equivalent), but who wish to become familiar with a broader variety of computer systems and programming languages. Students in this course will work on Unix workstations, available in the Department's programming laboratory. By the end of the course, students will have developed proficiency in the C programming language.
The increasing success of Unix as a modern operating system stems from its unique ability to "prototype" programs quickly. Students will use prototyping tools, such as Awk and "shell scripts" to write "filters" for transforming data from a variety of sources. In many cases, it will become clear that the overhead of programming in a language, such as C, Pascal, or FORTRAN is unnecessary.
Moreover students will learn to effectively use software tools such as debuggers, profilers, and make files.
Evaluation will be based on four or five programming assignments and shell scripts due throughout the term. While none of the projects in the course will be particularly large, the successful student will develop a tool chest, which will extend their computing "effectiveness" in their particular field. Students with computing needs particular to their field are encouraged to advise the instructor before the first meeting.
Prerequisite: Computer Science 134 or equivalent programming experience. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: texts.
Meeting time: mornings.

LERNER

CSCI 030 Senior Project

To be taken by candidates for honors in Computer Science via a route other than the thesis route.

CSCI 031 Senior Honor Thesis

To be taken by students registered for Computer Science 493-494.

CMAJ 031 Senior Thesis

To be taken by students registered for Contract Major 493, 494.

ECON 011 The Six Million Dollar Man

Is Albert Belle overpaid? What about Dennis Rodman? Oprah Winfrey? Bill Gates? This course will use basic statistics and simple economic theory to analyze what determines a superstar's salary. Questions addressed will include: (I) What should determine salary? (ii) Can we quantify an individual's productivity? (iii) Why are there so few six million dollar women? Theories will be critiqued with alternative views in economics and in other fields and through class discussion. Simple statistical techniques for analyzing some of these questions will be introduced.
The class will meet three times per week for two hours. Readings outside of class will consist mostly of articles and chapters from books. Each student will be responsible for researching, writing and presenting a case study of any individual of interest to the student using the theories and techniques learned in class.
Students will be evaluated on the case study and class participation.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: approximately $25 for books and handouts.
Meeting time: mornings.

CONSTANTINE

ECON 012 The Economics of Sports

Among the questions this course on the economic structure of collegiate and professional sports may address are the following: Should colleges field athletic teams? If so, how much should student-athletes be paid, if at all? Does the NCAA behave as an input cartel that may act against the interests of student-athletes? What antitrust issues are involved in professional sports? Should professional sports franchises be allowed to move at the whim of the owner?
The class will meet regularly for the discussion of the readings. The readings will consist of a number of articles and books. Each student will write and present a paper on a topic of her interest in the area.
The course grade will be based on this paper and presentation, quizzes, and class discussion.
Prerequisite: Economics 101. Enrollment limited to 16.
Cost to student: $75 for books and photocopying.

Meeting time: afternoons.

SCHULZ

ECON 014 Accounting

The project will examine the theoretical and practical aspects of financial accounting. Although the beginning of the course will explore the mechanics of the information gathering and dissemination process, the course will be oriented mainly towards users, rather than preparers, of accounting information. The project will include discussion of the principles involved in accounting for current assets, plant assets, leases, intangible assets, current and long-term debt, stockholders' equity, the income statement and the statement of cash flows. Students will be expected to interpret and analyze actual financial statements. The nature of, and career opportunities in, the field of accounting will also be discussed.
The project is a "mini course." It will present a substantial body of material and will require a considerable commitment of time by the student, including regular attendance and participation in discussion and homework cases and problems.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 30.
Cost to student: none.
Meeting time: mornings.

LEO McMENIMEN (Instructor)
BRADBURD (Sponsor)

Leo McMenimen is returning to Williams this January from the School of Business, Montclair State College.

ECON 015 Stock Market

Elementary description and analysis of the stock market. Emphasis will be on the roles of the market in our economy, including evaluation of business firms and the success of particular capital investments, allocating savings to different types of investment, and providing liquid and marketable financial investments for individual savers.
The course will focus on the description of mechanics of trading on various exchanges and other markets, stock market indexes of "averages" (Dow-Jones, S&P, 500, etc.), how to read the financial news, historical rates of return on stocks and portfolios, role of mutual funds, beta coefficients, and "random walk" theory. The course will also involve a brief introduction to financial reports of firms and analysis of financial ratios.
Each student will participate in discussions, do some homework assignments, follow a hypothetical portfolio during January, and write a 10-page report analyzing the wisdom or folly of having chosen the portfolio.
Not intended for students who already know much about the stock market; students who have had Economics 317 not admitted. The course will involve a two-day field trip to New York City. Students will leave on a Wednesday at 1:00 p.m. and return late Friday evening.
Prerequisite: Economics 101. Enrollment limited to 30.
Cost to student: $30 for text plus $50 for bus transportation to New York City, obligatory and paid at time of registration. Meals and lodging in New York City are not included in this price and are the responsibility of the student.
Meeting time: afternoons.

LEO McMENIMEN (Instructor)
BRADBURD (Sponsor)

Leo McMenimen is returning to Williams this January from the School of Business, Montclair State College.

ECON 016 Entrepreneurism

This course will use interactive case studies, guest appearances from those in the trenches, and extensive discussion to learn about entrepreneurism, how small business operates, and the different stages and issues small businesses face as they move forward. "Small" means start-up companies up to sales of $30 million. Emphasis will be on the role of the entrepreneur in starting, focusing, and managing a small business through its different stages, but attention will be given, too, to the position of the firm in the middle of a network of supporting organizations-banks, venture capitalists, consultants, lawyers, accountants, etc.
Students should expect to make a significant time commitment to the course. Classes will meet an average of three times per week for three hours in the morning. For those who desire, discussion and conversations will continue over lunch. Guests will be involved with the day's cases and will stay through lunch after class to discuss their professions and their daily work lives.
Students will be evaluated 80% discussions, and 20% final paper.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: $50-$75 which covers the costs of books and cases.
Meeting time: mornings.

H. MICHAEL STEVENS (Instructor)
BRADBURD (Sponsor)

Mike Stevens is President of New England Capital Management, Inc., an acquisition company in Boston that he co-founded in 1989. He is a 1973 graduate of Williams, and a 1976 graduate from Stanford Business School.

ECON 017 Business Economics

In this course, the class will carry out a real-time forecast of the U.S. economy and explore its implications for the bond and stock markets. The course will build upon principles of both macro and micro-economics. It will provide an introduction to the work done by business economists and the techniques they use. Each student will receive a disk (for IBM-compatible computer) containing an economic database, chart-generating software and a statistical analysis program. This provides essentially the same resources that an economics consulting group has in a regular business setting.
The class will be divided into teams of 2 or 3 students with each team focusing on a particular aspect or sector of the economy. For example, we will examine prospects for inflation, interest rates, basic industries, high-technology industries, and the internet. Class time will be divided between lectures (demonstrations of forecasting tools, discussion of business cycle theories and special topics) and team presentations. The conclusion of the project will be a formal presentation of the economic forecast with invited guests from the Wall Street investment world.
The class will meet three times per week in the morning with two afternoons of optional workshops.
Each student should expect to spend a reasonable amount of time on independent work, to participate in short presentations of their analyses as the work progresses as well as in the formal presentation during the last week. There will also be a 3-page paper summarizing the result of the forecast project.
Prerequisites: Economics 101 recommended. Enrollment limited to 24.
Cost to student: about $25 for text and other materials.
Meeting time: mornings.

THOMAS SYNNOTT '58 (Instructor)
BRADBURD (Sponsor)

Thomas Synnott '58 is Chief Economist, U.S. Trust Company of New York

ECON 020 Evaluation in Development

This course examines three puzzles in development: Why do countries with abundant natural resources tend to grow more slowly than those lacking such resources? If economic growth causes agriculture's share of GDP to shrink, why have countries that invested in their agricultural sectors grown faster than those that did not? If poor countries require investment to grow, and if the rich save and invest a higher proportion of their income than the poor, why have countries with high inequality grown more slowly than those with a relatively equitable distribution of income? We answer these questions through explorations of theory and country case studies, exploring the possibility that the answers to all three questions are linked.
Requirements include several short papers, an in-class presentation, and a final exam.
Prerequisite for undergraduates: one class in economic development or permission of the instructor. Enrollment limited.
Class will meet 4-5 times per week for 90 minutes.
Cost to student: none.

PINCKNEY

ECON 030 Honors Project

The "Specialization Route" to the degree with Honors in Economics requires that each candidate take an Honors Winter Study Project in January of their senior year. Students who wish to begin their honors work in January should submit a detailed proposal. Decisions on admission to the Honors WSP will be made in the fall. Information on the procedures will be mailed to senior majors in economics early in the fall semester.
Seniors who wish to apply for admission to the Honors WSP and thereby to the Honors Program should register for this WSP as their first choice.
Some seniors will have begun honors work in the fall and wish to complete it in the WSP. They will be admitted to the WSP if they have made satisfactory progress. They should register for this WSP as their first choice.

CONSTANTINE

ECON 031 Honors Thesis

To be taken by students participating in year-long thesis research (ECON 493-W031-494).

ENGL 010 Fan Cultures

This course will explore the history of and current critical interest in fans of popular culture. We will read recent accounts of X-philes, Barbie collectors, soccer "supporters," Star Trekkers, romance novel readers, and Civil War battle reenactors, to name but a few. As well, we will examine some of the ways fans express their interest in popular cultures-through zines, in on-line discussion groups, at conventions, in the sampling techniques of rap and techno music, or in the retro styles of fashion. Chief among our concerns as a class will be: Are fans merely consumers of mass culture or are they cultural producers in their own right? What kinds of television programs, sports events, films, or dance crazes spark fan interest? Why do fans identify with specific fictional characters? Are fans radically different from or entirely representative of "mainstream" society? In what ways do fans appropriate subcultural interests ("alternative" music, folk traditions)? In what ways do fans resist or reinterpret mass culture? Students will have the opportunity both to engage in critical analyses of popular culture and to document, either through autobiography or ethnography, a specific example of fan culture of their own choosing. Readings will include the work of Walter Benjamin, Antonio Gramsci, Roland Barthes, Michel De Certeau, Bill Buford, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Dick Hebdige, Wayne Koestenbaum, Henry Jenkins, George Lipsitz, Constance Penley, Jan Radway, and Erica Rand.
The course will require two 4- to 6-page papers, as well as active class participation.
No prerequisites.
Cost to students: $40 in books/coursepack.
Meetings: mornings.

BENJAMIN WEAVER (Instructor)
PYE (Sponsor)

Benjamin Weaver is a Visiting Part-time Lecturer in English at Williams.

ENGL 011 Bertolucci: Film Auteur

Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci describes his oeuvre as "one film, even if it has many titles or chapters. . . . If we put the films together, we will have the figure of one man, of an auteur, transferred in many different characters naturally. But the film is one film." This course will explore the consistency of content and style in Bertolucci's films which establish him as a film auteur. From the epic intimacy of Last Tango in Paris to The Last Emperor, described by Bertolucci as an "intimate epic," his content has been sex and politics, psychoanalysis and ideology. His style is visually lush, with a mise-en-scene that depends on richly textured and intersecting patterns of psychological and social meaning. Films to be studied include Before the Revolution, 1900, The Conformist, The Spider's Stratagem, Last Tango in Paris, Luna, The Last Emperor, The Sheltering Sky, and Stealing Beauty.
Evaluation will be based on in-class performance and one 10-page paper. Classes will meet three times per week for two hours.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 20, with preference given in this order: 1.) Students who have taken a film course previously; 2.) English Majors; 3.) Seniors.
Cost to students: approximately $50 for books.
Meeting time: afternoons.

BUNDTZEN

ENGL 012 Joyce's Art of Memory

In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce confronts questions whose answers have deeply influenced the way we view ourselves and our literature: What challenges do artists face when rendering in fiction aspects of their own pasts? By what process does memory nourish imagination, and imagination inform memory? What forms of exile are necessary for the creation of modern art? And how can language-our inheritance from the past-be used to liberate us from the past?
Our purpose will be to consider Joyce's brilliant exploration of these concerns in Portrait, and to appreciate as fully as possible this novel's rich art and subtle vision. We will re-read Portrait several times during the month in order to grasp in detail the novel's structure, imagery, and style, and to consider how our memories and past experiences with the book alter and inform each successive reading of it. Our method, then, should help us understand the concerns of a writer like Joyce, who views his past as a text to be re-read. We will also attempt to trace the real and fictional pasts that shape Portrait by reading Joyce's Stephen Hero (the prototype for Portrait), Ellmann's great biography of Joyce, and The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius.
Students will be expected to attend all classes (three 2-hour meetings per week); participate in class discussions and in small groups (focused on particular issues) that will meet occasionally outside of class; and write a 10-page essay.
Prerequisite: any 100-level course except 103 or 150. Enrollment limited to 15 (preference given to English majors, but all students are welcome).
Cost to student: approximately $75 for books.
Meeting time: afternoons.

FIX

ENGL 013 Writing Non-Fiction

This is a course for students interested in writing a long, non-fiction essay. We shall begin by reading together the work of some contemporary practitioners such as David Foster Wallace, Adam Gopnik and Janet Malcolm and by considering the distinctive styles of several general-interest magazines including Harper's, Rolling Stone and Salon.
Throughout the course, students will work independently on their essays, which should run between 2,500 and 3,000 words and reflect extensive research or reporting. Students will be expected to have selected a topic before the first class meeting. The class will meet three times a week.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 14.
Cost to student: $50-$75.
Meeting time: afternoons.

KLEINER

ENGL 014 Introductory Old English

The Norman Conquest in 1066 profoundly altered the character of the English language. By the fourteenth century Chaucer's Middle English has a recognizably "modern" look and sound ("Bifil that in that seson on a day, / In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay, / Redy to wenden on my pilgrimage . . ."). Old English (Anglo-Saxon) was a thoroughly Germanic language, with closer links to Old Norse and Old High German than to Latin and French: "Nu sculon herigean heofonrices weard, / meotodes meahte and his modgepanc." This course will introduce students to pronunciation, vocabulary, and enough simple grammar to navigate a short poem like The Wanderer and excerpts from Beowulf. You can't master Old English in three and a half weeks, but you can learn enough to get a real taste of the pleasures it has to offer. Medieval buffs, language enthusiasts, Tolkien fans, and/or the merely curious are all welcome. The class will meet in the afternoons, four days a week for the first week and three days a week after that, for two hours.
Evaluation will be based on quizzes, translation exercises, and a final project that will involve translation and commentary on a substantial passage of Old English.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: $45 for books.
Meeting time: afternoons.

KNOPP

ENGL 015 The Masque Revived

The course will fall into two parts, each with its own perspective on a common subject: the masque as a performance of ideas. Many genres of Renaissance art have survived to us, while undergoing endless mutations: the sonnet, tragedy, comedy, satire, epic narratives, laureate praises and celebrations, and others. But the masque seems to have disappeared with the end of the Stuart monarchy in the English Revolution. During its brief and glittering career, it proposed to "speak to power" about pressing social and political issues, and it did so by combining music, dance, dazzling spectacle, and the power of imaginative prose and poetry. In short, it was the first multimedia event.
In the first part of the course we will read a few masques, acquainting ourselves with their characteristic forms, and paying attention to the ways in which they both responded to and influenced the currents of history and the development of authors and their works. Our primary texts will be masques written for James I and his ill-fated (or feted) son Charles I, by poets like Ben Jonson and Thomas Carew, as well as the masque written by John Milton, an outsider to the court. In the second part of the course we will turn our hands to making a masque for our times: that is, members of the class will write, design, and compose the elements of a symbolic theatre performance, after discussing and choosing the subject of the masque, its intended audience, and its polemic or didactic purpose. What we want our masque to say, and to whom, will determine what kind of thing it might be. We will clearly need to call on a variety of skills and talents.
Work to be evaluated may consist in essays, designs, or compositions; but all will have to be accompanied by expository, explanatory, or analytical prose so that all members of the course can understand the contributions of the several arts that combine in the masque. Three two-hour sessions per week, or two three-hour sessions, depending on the room schedule and the preferences of the group.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: approximately $25.
Meeting time: afternoons.

DONALD FRIEDMAN (Instructor)
PYE (Sponsor)

Donald Friedman teaches at the University of California at Berkeley, concentrating on the literature of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the past, he chaired the Department of Dramatic Art, and is currently chair of the Artistic Advisory Council of Cal Performances, the "presenting" organization for professional artists on the Berkeley campus.

ENGL 016 Short Story Workshop

This class will be divided into two parts. For the first two weeks we will talk in generalities about various aspects of writing fiction: structure, plot, voice, characterization, pacing, etc., while looking at examples from the work of established writers. There will also be a couple of private meetings with me, during which we will discuss your ideas for your own short story. Class time will be limited during this period, so that you will feel less chagrined when we start meeting every day, from about the 15th on, to workshop your first drafts. A passing grade will be based on class participation and the submission of a final, revised manuscript. If anybody is interested, we could also spend a day talking about the business of writing fiction and getting published.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to student: approximately $30 for photocopies.
Meeting times: afternoons.

PAUL PARK (Instructor)
PYE (Sponsor)

Paul Park has published five novels in a variety of genres, as well as numerous short stories.

ENGL 017 In Search of Bob Dylan: The Music, The Man, The Myth

Robert Allen Zimmerman, a middle-class Jewish boy of no particular distinction from rural Minnesota, grew up to be Bob Dylan, a man generally acknowledged to be one of the great figures of twentieth-century popular culture. With reference to his recordings, writings, films, and interviews, and with the aid of biographies and critical texts, we will closely examine Dylan's work and career in an attempt to define and categorize just precisely what were his innovations, and to place them in some greater cultural context.
Requirements: Evaluation will be based on in-class participation and one, 10-page, critical paper. Class will meet three times a week for two hours, with film showings scheduled outside of regular class time.
Prerequisites: While there are no academic course prerequisites, a basic level of familiarity with American musical forms (folk, blues, country, jazz, rock and roll) and with the cultural context of Bob Dylan's work and career will be assumed. Enrollment limited to 20.
Cost to student: approximately $80.
Meeting time: mornings.

SETH ROGOVOY (Instructor)
R. BELL (Sponsor)

Seth Rogovoy (Williams '82) is a music journalist whose work has appeared in Newsday, The Boston Phoenix, Sing Out! Magazine and other publications. He has been the Berkshire Eagle's pop-music critic for over a decade. He has written extensively about Bob Dylan.

ENGL 018 English Rhymes and Rhythms

Blest be all metrical rules that forbid automatic responses,
Force us to have second thoughts, free from the fetters of self
-W.H. Auden

This course is designed to increase awareness of the expressive possibilities of the traditional sounds of English verse, those established patterns of rhyme and rhythm from which "free verse" is free. We will not only read verse, but listen to it, speak it, and write it, in pursuit of a fuller experience of past and present poetry. Each student will also create a "memory anthology" of individually chosen poems. Our goal is to awaken the ear as well as the mind. Though the course should improve the ability to recognize and analyze poetic forms and prosodic effects, it will proceed through practical exercises rather than analytical essays, with a strong tilt toward the actual writing of verse. We will examine poems by such versifiers as Dr. Seuss, Shakespeare, Hopkins and Larkin, with others suggested by the class, and verse written by class members. We'll end with a reading of Vikram Seth's brilliantly formal (and informal) novel in verse, The Golden Gate.
Students will be evaluated on the basis of their verse exercises, their regular and active attendance, and the care and commitment with which they present their anthologies, to be spoken from memory in the presence of the instructor.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15.
Cost to students: approximately $25.
Meeting time: afternoons.

CLARA PARK (Instructor)
PYE (Sponsor)

Clara Park is Senior Lecturer Emerita at Williams.

ENGL 019 Fantasy Novels of C. S. Lewis and Charles Williams (Same as Mathematics 019)

(See under Mathematics for full description.)

ENGL 020 Journalism

In this introduction to journalism, students will learn reporting, writing and editing skills through written assignments and in-class exercises. We will examine how different styles of writing serve different needs, and the practical and legal limits within which journalists work. Assignments will include writing a news story, a feature article, and an editorial. Students will also practice the essential art of rewriting.
Requirements: each student will submit articles on deadline; read and discuss current newspapers and magazines; and attend all classes. Classes will meet for four 2-hour sessions each week.
No prerequisites. Enrollment limited to 15, with preference given to first-year students.
Cost to students: approximately $20.
Meeting time: mornings.

SALLY WHITE (Instructor)
PYE (Sponsor)

Sally White worked at Time Inc. magazines in New York and Washington for thirteen years. She is now a freelance magazine writer.
ENGL 025 Arizona Highways

"The point is not to write the sociology or psychology of the car. The point is to drive." So writes Jean Baudrillard in America. This course explores what Baudrillard calls the "power museum" of Arizona, a state predicated on highways, crossings, travel. We will spend as much time on the road as off, exploring the polarized visions-of utopian deserts and nightmarish "edge cities," of ancient cultures and futuristic Biospheres-that have characterized Arizona from the time of Cabeza de Vaca's Relacion on. Sites studied will include built environments (Wright's Taliesen West, Soleri's Arcosanti, Anasazi cliff-dwellings, Navajo Reservation); "natural" wonders (Grand Canyon, Turrell's Roden Crater); monuments and reenactments (Coronado National Memorial, Tombstone's O.K. Corral, Bisbee's Shady Dell R.V. Park); New Age vortexes (Sedona). We'll also look closely at Phoenix, the faste