While modern Western political thinking traces its roots to classical Greek antiquity, it was creatively transformed during the turbulent centuries stretching from late antiquity to the eighteenth century. This tutorial will focus on that crucial period of transition, which eventuated in the emergence of recognizably "modern" constitutionalist notions of consent, individual rights, and parliamentary representation. Readings will involve both primary texts and secondary sources and will concentrate on the contributions of such authors as Eusebius of Caesarea, Augustine, Aquinas, John of Paris, Marsiglio of Padua, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Format: tutorial. Each student will write and present orally an essay of approximately 7 pages every other week on an assigned topic focusing on the readings for that week. Students not presenting an essay will be responsible for offering a critique of the work of their colleague. Students will be evaluated on their written work and/or their analyses of their colleague's work. Enrollment limit: 10 (expected: 10). Open to all. Groups B and D