A study of the revolutionary religious movements of the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches, transformed the nature of Roman Catholicism, and ushered in a century and more of ideological and political strife. Attention will be paid to the medieval antecedents of these movements and to the intellectual, social and political forces that intersected with them. The primary emphasis will be on the magisterial reformers-Luther, Zwingli, Calvin-on the radical Protestant sectaries, on Catholic renewal and Counter Reformation, and on the enduring legacy of the Age of Reformation. Students will write one short paper on a set topic, one longer research paper on a topic of their choosing, and a final exam. Groups B and D