This course offers an introduction to some of the more important issues in twentieth-century European history, focusing on the major ideologies, institutions, and cultural practices that have shaped the course of European history in this tumultuous century. Organized topically and thematically, the course will consider European society on the eve of World War I, the impact of the War on that society, the Russian Revolution and its aftermath, economic and political reconstruction in the 1920s, the Depression, the rise of Fascism and Nazism, World War II and the Holocaust, the establishment of postwar social democratic welfare states in western Europe, the "economic miracle" of the 1950s, the social unrest of the 1960s, the origins and development of the European Union, the 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe, and the rebirth of nationalism at the close of the century. Following several introductory lectures, the course will be taught via discussion. Evaluation will be based on class participation, a midterm, several quizzes, and a final take-home essay exam. Group B