In recent years, there has been a growing public and scientific interest in the Earth's climate and its variability. This interest reflects both concern over future climate changes that may result from anthropogenic increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases and growing recognition of the economic impact of "natural" climate variability (for example, El Niņo events), especially in the developing world. Efforts to understand the earth's climate system and predict future climate changes require both study of parameters controlling present day climate and detailed studies of climate changes in the past. In this course, we will review the processes that control the earth's climate, like insolation, distribution of heat, ocean circulation, and the greenhouse effect. At the same time, we will review the geological record of climate changes in the past, examining their causes, positive and negative feedback effects, and indicators of the stability or instability of the climate system. Format: Lectures/discussions, three hours a week. Evaluation will be based on two hour exams and a final project. Prerequisites: none;
No enrollment limit (expected: 25).