Russian CERTIFICATES 
The certificates program in languages was instituted as a means to allow students who seek formal training in a modern foreign language but who, for reasons of time and other commitments, cannot complete the full requirements toward a major. With its sequence of courses, students in the program will systematically build up proficiency in the language and, in their senior year, will receive from the respective department a certificate officially attesting to their having fulfilled the requirements. Certificates are possible in French, German, Russian and Spanish. Interested students are encouraged to contact the Chair of the respective department to review the process for including a certificate in their studies.
THE CERTIFICATE IN RUSSIAN
The certificates program in languages was instituted as a means to allow students who seek formal training in a modern foreign language but who, for reasons of time and other commitments, cannot complete the full requirements toward a major. With its sequence of courses, students in the program will systematically build up proficiency in the language and, in their senior year, will receive from the respective department a certificate officially attesting to their having fulfilled the requirements. Certificates are possible in French, German, Russian and Spanish. Interested students are encouraged to contact the Chair of the respective department to review the process for including a certificate in their studies.
To enhance a student's educational and professional profiles, the Certificate in Russian offers a useful tool for using the language in a wide variety of disciplines. The sequence of language and culture courses is designed to supplement a student's major at Williams by enabling the student to expand his or her knowledge in a related field.
Students who enter Williams with previous training in Russian may substitute more advanced courses for all the 100-level courses; they can also be exempted from up to two of the required courses. Thus, in order to earn a certificate a student must take no fewer than five courses (including three courses in Russian) after enrolling at Williams. Students must receive a minimum grade of B in each course taken in the sequence. In addition, they must receive a score of at least 85% on a standardized language proficiency test administered by the department.
Required Courses are Russian 101, 102, 151, 152 and one additional course conducted in Russian. Electives should minimally include one course on Russian cultural history and one course on Russian intellectual, political, or social history, or post-Soviet economics.
